Justia U.S. 11th Circuit Court of Appeals Opinion Summaries

Defendant Cora Cadia Ford owned and managed a tax preparation business. Through that business, she operated a complex fraud scheme over a period of many years, acquiring personal information under false pretenses, often from victims who were homeless or mentally or physically disabled, and then using that information to file false tax returns and pocket the resulting refunds. She appealed her conviction and sentence on ten counts each of mail fraud, making a false claim, and aggravated identity theft. After careful consideration of all of defendant's alleged errors at the trial court level, the Tenth Circuit affirmed her conviction and sentence. View "United States v. Ford" on Justia Law

Dale Peters appealed a final order denying his request for transfer of Writ of Execution proceedings to California and a hearing by granting the government's Application for an Amended Writ of Execution, resulting from a restitution judgment entered against him. Peters was convicted of one count of conspiring to defraud the United States and thirty-one counts of filing false and fictitious claims on the United States in an extensive tax-fraud conspiracy. In early 2013, the district judge entered final judgment against Peters, which included 144 months of imprisonment and restitution of $5,362,039.69. The Eleventh Circuit affirmed his conviction and sentence. Later that year, the government filed an Application for Writ of Execution to levy on real property Peters owned in Sonora, California. His last known address was stated to be an apartment located in San Mateo. A deputy clerk entered a Writ of Execution on Peters' real property. Peters filed a Response to the Amended Application and Amended Writ of Execution, demanding a hearing and transfer of proceedings to the district, where he resided. Peters contended: (1) the property was exempt from levy, and (2) the restitution order was not final, because his criminal appeal was pending. The district judge concluded Peters' real property was not exempt from levy, because his restitution order had not been stayed. He found transfer of the Writ of Execution proceedings was not appropriate and granted the government's Amended Application for Writ of Execution. Peters appealed that final order. The Elevent Circuit reversed, finding the district judge erred in denying Peters' request to transfer his Amended Writ of Execution proceeding to California for a hearing. The final order granting the government's application for an Amended Writ of Execution after Peters' request for transfer was vacated, and the case remanded to the district judge to enter an order transferring Peters' Amended Writ of Execution proceeding to the California district court with jurisdiction for a hearing and decision. View "United States v. Peters" on Justia Law

Petitioner Drew Walker, a citizen of Jamaica, was admitted to the United States as a lawful permanent resident in 1990. In 2001, Walker pleaded no contest to three counts of uttering a forged instrument in Florida. One of the counts involved an amount over $10,000. In 2010, the Department of Homeland Security commenced removal proceedings against Walker. The Department alleged that Walker was removable because he committed a crime involving deceit or fraud in which the loss to the victim or victims exceeds $10,000. The Department later alleged that Walker was also removable because he had been convicted of multiple crimes involving moral turpitude, not arising out of a single scheme of criminal misconduct. Walker admitted his convictions but argued that they did not qualify as removable offenses. An immigration judge ruled that Walker was removable on both grounds. Walker appealed that decision to the Board of Immigration Appeals, which held that Walker’s convictions were aggravated felonies and crimes of moral turpitude. The Board dismissed Walker’s appeal. After its review, the Eleventh Circuit concluded that the offense of uttering a forged instrument necessarily involves an act of deceit. It was both an aggravated felony offense and a crime involving moral turpitude. The Court, therefore, denied Walker’s petition for review. View "Walker v. Holder" on Justia Law

Donald Creel pleaded guilty to receipt of child pornography, and received an enhanced sentence when the district court ruled that he "[d]istribut[ed]" child pornography through a file sharing program on his computer. The issue this case posed for the Eleventh Circuit's review centered on whether the definition of "[d]istribution" of child pornography under the Sentencing Guidelines, U.S.S.G. 2G2.2(b)(3)(F) (Nov. 2013), included an element of mens rea. Because distribution of child pornography did not require an offender to know that he made child pornography accessible to others, the Eleventh Circuit affirmed Creel’s sentence. View "United States v. Creel" on Justia Law

The issues presented to the Eleventh Circuit in these consolidated appeals of Donald LaFond, Jr. and Jason Widdison, both convicted for second degree murder, was whether the district court abused its discretion in four rulings: (1) the admission of evidence of the defendants’ memberships in gangs; (2) an order that the jurors be identified anonymously; (3) a refusal to give two requested jury instructions about self-defense; and (4) an order that Widdison’s hands remain shackled during his sentencing hearing. Widdison and LaFond, both of whom were inmates in a federal prison, attacked Kenneth Mills, another inmate, who died a month later from his injuries. The government presented evidence that Widdison and LaFond were members of white supremacist gangs who attacked Mills, a white inmate, because he refused to take any action to have his black cellmate replaced. Widdison and LaFond responded that they acted in self-defense after Mills drew a knife to attack LaFond. A jury convicted Widdison and LaFond of second degree murder. Both Widdison and LaFond raised the issue about the admission of evidence of their gang memberships, and Widdison raised the other three issues. The Eleventh Circuit concluded, after review, that the district court did not abuse its discretion when it admitted evidence of the defendants’ memberships in gangs to prove motive or intent, when it ordered that the jurors be identified anonymously to protect their safety, and when it refused to give jury instructions about self-defense that were unsupported by the evidence. The Court also held that the constitutional rule against shackling does not apply to a sentencing hearing before a judge. View "United States v. LaFond" on Justia Law

Joshua Hill appealed his 192-month sentence, imposed after he pled guilty to conspiracy to engage in sex trafficking of minors. On appeal, Hill claimed the district court erred by applying: (1) a two-level enhancement for using a computer to solicit a person to engage in unlawful sexual activity with a minor pursuant to U.S.S.G. 2G1.3(b)(3)(B); and (2) another two-level enhancement for his supervisory role in the offense pursuant to U.S.S.G. 3B1.1(c). Upon review of the record and the parties’ briefs, the Eleventh Circuit affirmed. View "United States v. Hill" on Justia Law

The issue this case presented for the Eleventh Circuit's review centered on whether a Florida inmate satisfied the requirements set forth in the Prison Litigation Reform Act. Moliere Dimanche, Jr. sued 16 prison officials in federal court, alleging that he was subjected to harsh treatment in retaliation for filing grievances about prison conditions. The district court dismissed the suit because Dimanche did not file an internal grievance raising this complaint at the institutional level but instead submitted it directly to the Secretary. The court also dismissed for failure to state a claim under 28 U.S.C. 1915(e)(2). The Eleventh Circuit's review showed that Dimanche did satisfy the exhaustion requirement because he met the conditions for filing a grievance directly with the Secretary. Furthermore, the Court concluded that his complaint stated at least some claims that should not have been dismissed without either explanation or leave to amend. Accordingly, the Court reversed and remanded. View "Dimanche v. Brown" on Justia Law

Death row inmate-petitioner John Conner appealed the denial of his petition for habeas relief. Conner was convicted and sentenced to death for the 1982 beating death of J.T. White. Conner confessed that he struck White with a bottle and then beat him with a stick. Conner had attempted suicide while awaiting trial, and was admitted to the hospital for treatment. Conner was given a full psychological evaluation; the hospital issued a letter to the trial judge stating that Conner was competent to stand trial and could be criminally responsible for his actions. In Conner’s first appeal, he was granted a certificate of appealability (COA) on three claims: “(1) whether he procedurally defaulted his [intellectual disability] claim; (2) whether he was denied effective assistance of counsel at the sentencing phase of his trial; and (3) whether he was prejudiced by prosecutorial misconduct during closing arguments.” Because the Eleventh Circuit held that Conner did not procedurally default his intellectual-disability claim and that the District Court erred by denying discovery and an evidentiary hearing on his intellectual-disability claim, the case was remanded the case for the District Court to determine in the first instance whether discovery and an evidentiary hearing were appropriate. On remand, the District Court granted Conner’s request for discovery and an evidentiary hearing on his intellectual-disability claim. After hearing testimony from seven experts who had evaluated Conner for intellectual disability, the District Court denied Conner’s intellectual-disability claim on the merits. Separately, the District Court once again denied Conner’s penalty-phase ineffective-assistance-of-counsel and prosecutorial-misconduct claims, but granted a COA as to “whether [the District] Court erred in concluding that [Conner’s] trial counsel had not rendered ineffective assistance during the mitigation phase of the trial.” The Eleventh Circuit granted Conner’s request to expand the COA to include two more claims: “[w]hether the District Court erred in denying Mr. Conner’s claim that he has [intellectual disability] and is not eligible for the death penalty”; and “[w]hether the District Court erred in determining that the state court’s decision (that the prosecutor’s closing arguments were not so egregious as to require reversal) was not contrary to, or an unreasonable application of, Supreme Court precedent.” After careful review of the record, and with the benefit of briefing and oral argument, the Eleventh Circuit affirmed. View "Conner v. GDCP Warden" on Justia Law

Pro se inmate-appellant William Mobley appealed the grant of summary judgment, effectively dismissing his claim of excessive force during an arrest. Mobley was parked in a handicapped parking spot, slouched down in the seat "preparing to smoke crack cocaine." A deputy sheriff of the Palm Beach County Sheriff's Office was on bicycle patrol when he approached Mobley's car. Mobley did not see the deputy approach the truck, and was unable to see anything that identified the deputy as law enforcement from his slouched position. Fearing he'd be robbed, he dropped the pipe, and keyed his truck's ignition. The deputy reached through the window, grabbed Mobley's shoulder and tried to open the door. While he was still being held by the deputy, Mobley backed quickly out of the parking space, struck the deputy and dragged him approximately 20 feet before the deputy fell clear of the truck. Officers would later catch Mobley after he drove his truck into a small retention pond. When officers subdued him, they struck and kicked Mobley, breaking his nose, teeth and a plastic dental plate. Officers also tased Mobley repeatedly while he was on the ground. Mobley alleged eight officers were involved directly or indirectly in his arrest. Mobley was taken to the hospital, where doctors found that he had a broken nose, cuts and bruises along his arms and hands, and broken front teeth. He later was diagnosed with “Post Traumatic Syndrome” and began suffering seizures. In a state criminal trial arising out of his flight, he was convicted of assaulting the first deputy with a deadly weapon and fleeing to elude arrest and was sentenced to 15 years imprisonment. After review of the trial court record, the Eleventh Circuit found no reversible error as tot the trial court's grant of summary judgment to the officers. Accordingly, the Court affirmed the trial court's decision. View "Mobley v. Bronson" on Justia Law

Michael Albury, Jr. appealed after a jury convicted him of various narcotics offenses, including possession with intent to distribute cocaine, cocaine base, and N-Benzylpiperazine (“BZP” -- a schedule I controlled substance), along with various firearm offenses. Albury raised three claims on appeal: (1) that law enforcement officers unlawfully gathered and used evidence seized in violation of the Fourth Amendment when applying for a search warrant, rendering the warrant invalid; (2) that the district court erred in denying his motion for judgment of acquittal because insufficient evidence supported his convictions and the jury rendered inconsistent verdicts; and (3) that the district court erred in denying his motion for a new trial based on insufficient evidence, inconsistent verdicts, and an improper flight instruction. After thorough review, the Eleventh Circuit affirmed. View "United States v. Albury" on Justia Law