Justia U.S. 11th Circuit Court of Appeals Opinion Summaries

This case involved arbitration proceedings stemming from plaintiff's class action suit alleging, among other things, that SouthernLINC's termination fees were unlawful penalties under Georgia law. SouthernLINC, a wireless provider, appealed the district court's denial of its motion to vacate two arbitration awards. Under the standard set forth by the Supreme Court in Oxford Health Plans LLC v. Sutter, the court concluded that the arbitrator did not exceed his powers under section 10(a)(4) of the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA), 9 U.S.C. 1 et seq., either in construing the arbitration clause as he did or in certifying a class. Accordingly, the court affirmed the judgment of the district court. View "Southern Communications Serv. v. Thomas" on Justia Law

Plaintiffs, the superintendent of education and her assistant superintendent, filed suit claiming that the board and its members in both their official and individual capacities terminated the superintendent and demoted the assistant superintendent in retaliation for public comments plaintiffs made about local tax policy. The court concluded that it had jurisdiction over the appeal of the denial of qualified immunity, but lacked jurisdiction over the appeal of the board and its officials. Accordingly, the court dismissed the appeal of the board and its officials for lack of jurisdiction and reversed the denial of qualified immunity for the individual members of the board. View "Leslie, et al. v. Hancock County Board of Education, et al." on Justia Law

Petitioner, convicted of murder and robbery, appealed the district court's denial of his motion to vacate under 28 U.S.C. 2255. Petitioner contended that: (1) he received ineffective assistance of counsel because his penalty-phase counsel inadequately investigated and presented mitigating background evidence; (2) penalty-phase counsel inadequately investigated and presented mental health evidence; (3) he was denied a fair and impartial jury and a reliable sentencing proceeding in the absence of any record of one juror's voir dire; and (4) he was denied conflict-free section 2255 counsel. Because the court's ineffective assistance analysis required it to weigh the evidence in aggravation against the totality of the available mitigating evidence, the court concluded that petitioner had not satisfied Strickland v. Washington's prejudice prong. The court rejected defendant's remaining arguments and affirmed the judgment. View "Brown v. United States" on Justia Law

Alquwon Johnson committed suicide by hanging himself with a bed sheet while in custody at the Jail. Appellee, Alquwon's mother and personal representative, filed suit against corrections personnel working at the Jail at the time of his suicide, as well as others. Appellants subsequently filed this interlocutory appeal, challenging the denial of Alabama's state immunity pursuant to Alabama Code section 14-6-1. Because this appeal depended on questions of unsettled Alabama law, the court certified two questions to the Supreme Court of Alabama. View "Johnson v. Conner, et al." on Justia Law

Unique filed a complaint against Ferrari for trademark infringement and false designation of origin under federal law; for deceptive trade practices under state law; and for violation of a final judgment. The district court held that Unique's light blue trademark was valid and enforceable but that Ferrari's blue gauze had not infringed upon that trademark. The clerk entered judgment for Unique on Ferrari's affirmative defense but for Ferrari on Unique's original charge of infringement. Ferrari appealed. At issue was whether a party could appeal on the merits from a decision in its favor, where a district court found against him as to one issue, nondispositive of the case. The court concluded that, although he may not challenge the district court's findings on the merits, he was entitled to vacatur of the portion of the district court's order adverse to him. Accordingly, on the facts of this case, the Supreme Court in Electrical Fittings Corp. v. Thomas & Betts Co. clearly prescribed vacatur of the district court's judgment on the question of validity as the legal consequence of an appeal by an otherwise-successful defendant in an infringement suit on the merits of that question. View "Unique Sports Products, Inc. v. Ferrari Importing Co." on Justia Law

Petitioner appealed the district court's denial of his petition for a writ of habeas corpus based on the trial court's refusal to instruct the jury to draw no inference from petitioner's failure to testify. The court concluded that the Florida Supreme Court's harmless error conclusion was neither contrary to nor an unreasonable application of clearly established federal law. Reviewing the record as a whole and applying the harmless error analysis in Brecht v. Abrahamson, the court concluded that the claimed error did not have a substantial and injurious effect on the jury's capital sentence recommendation. Accordingly, the court affirmed the judgment. View "Burns v. Secretary, FL Dept. of Corrections, et al." on Justia Law

This case stemmed from the detention and handcuffing of a nine-year-old student during her physical education class. Defendant, a Deputy Sheriff, appealed from the district court's grant of attorney's fees. The court concluded that the district court abused its discretion by awarding attorney's fees to plaintiff where plaintiff achieved a de minimus victory under the Farrar v. Hobby factors. Accordingly, the court reversed and remanded for entry of judgment in favor of defendant on his claim for attorney's fees. View "Gray v. Bostic" on Justia Law

This case involved disputes over licensing agreements for, inter alia, the RS 3400 blood irradiation device. At issue was whether the Federal Circuit has exclusive jurisdiction to hear an appeal of a breach of contract claim that would require the resolution of a claim of patent infringement for the complainant to succeed. The court concluded that it did not have appellate jurisdiction and resolved dispositive issues in favor of Rad Source, leaving a single dispositive issue for certification: When a licensee enters into a contract to transfer all of its interests in a license agreement for an entire term of a license agreement, save one day, but remains liable to the licensor under the license agreement, is the contract an assignment of the license agreement, or is the contract a sublicense? View "MDS (Canada) Inc., et al. v. Rad Source Technologies, Inc." on Justia Law

After Carnival's cruise ship, the Costa Concordia, ran aground off the coast of Italy, two separate actions were filed by groups of 56 and 48 plaintiffs in the Circuit Court of the Eleventh Judicial Circuit of Florida. Carnival removed both actions to district court, claiming that the district court had subject-matter jurisdiction under the mass-action provision of the Class Action Fairness Act of 2005 (CAFA), Pub. L. 109-2, 119 Stat. 4. Plaintiffs moved for remand to state court on the ground that the district court lacked jurisdiction and the district court granted the motion. The court affirmed, concluding that the cases were improvidently removed and should have been remanded where, under the plain language of CAFA and 28 U.S.C. 1332(d)(11), the district court lacked subject-matter jurisdiction over plaintiffs' two separate actions unless they proposed to try 100 or more persons' claims jointly. View "Scimone, et al. v. Carnival Corp., et al." on Justia Law

CSX, an interstate rail carrier, filed suit challenging Alabama's sales and use taxes. At issue was whether exempting CSX's main competitors from Alabama's sales tax was discriminatory as to rail carriers in violation of the Railroad Revitalization and Regulation Reform Act of 1976 (4-R Act), 49 U.S.C. 11501(b)(4). After establishing a comparison class of competitors and showing that its competitors did not pay the sales tax on diesel fuel purchases, CSX made a prima facie showing of discrimination under section 11501(b)(4). Alabama then failed to meet its burden by showing a "sufficient justification" for the exemptions. Accordingly, the court reversed the judgment of the district court, holding that Alabama's sales tax violated the 4-R Act, and remanded to the district court with instructions to enter declaratory and injunctive relief in favor of CSX. View "CSX Transp., Inc. v. AL Dept. of Revenue, et al." on Justia Law